(1)Amazi ya chlorine yanduye
Ibyiza:
Chlorine y'amazi ifite igiciro gito kandi cyoroshye ibikoresho; Ntukeneye ibikoresho binini; Biroroshye gukora, mugihe amazi yatunganijwe ari menshi, ikiguzi cyo kuvura kumubiri wamazi ni muke; Nyuma yo kwanduza chlorine, amazi arashobora kugumana urugero runaka rwa chlorine isigaye igihe kirekire, bityo ikaba ifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kwanduza indwara, kandi ingaruka zo kuyangiza ni nziza; Indwara ya Chlorine ifite amateka maremare, uburambe burenze, ni uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara.
Ibibi:
Amazi ya chlorine afite ubumara bukabije kandi burahindagurika cyane, iyo hejuru yingaruka zimenetse ari nini, urugero rwangirika ni rwimbitse; Hariho ibyago byo kumeneka mugihe cyo gutwara, kubika no gukoresha; Ikibazo cyo kwanduza ibicuruzwa, nyuma yo gukoresha imiti yanduye ya chlorine, akenshi itanga ibinyabuzima byitwa halogene hamwe nibindi bicuruzwa byangiza, bizangiza umubiri wumuntu; Ifite amateka maremare yo gukoresha, bivamo kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge, kandi gukoresha cyane chlorine y’amazi nabyo bizana umwanda w’ibidukikije no guteza imbere indwara z’abantu; Uburyo bwo kwanduza ni bumwe, budashobora kwica neza Giardia na Cryptosporidium, kandi ingaruka kuri virusi nibihumyo ni mbi. Ibinyabuzima bihamye byamazi yo kunywa.
Uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara:
Binyuze mu kugura amavuta ya chlorine yamashanyarazi, guhumeka bisanzwe / guhumeka bihumeka chlorine ya gaze, binyuze muri sisitemu ya chlorine mumazi kugirango yanduze.
Sisitemu yo kwanduza ikubiyemo: ububiko bwa chlorine yabaturage, icyumba cyongeramo chlorine, icyumba cyo gukuramo chlorine, pisine, n’ibindi. , n'ibindi.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara bukoreshwa cyane mu bimera binini by’amazi.
(2)Sodium hypochlorite yangiza
Ibyiza:
Ifite ingaruka zihoraho zo kwanduza chlorine isigaye, imikorere yoroshye, itekanye kandi yoroshye kuruta chlorine y'amazi; Igiciro cyo gukoresha kiri hejuru ya chlorine yamazi, ariko kiri munsi yifu ya blaching; Ifite ingaruka nziza zo kwanduza kuruta chlorine y'amazi.
Ibibi:
Sodium hypochlorite igisubizo ntabwo yoroshye kubikwa igihe kirekire (igihe cyiza ni umwaka umwe). Byongeye kandi, umubare munini wibikoresho birakenewe kugirango ugure mu ruganda, bikaba bitoroshye kandi ntibyoroshye gutwara. Byongeye kandi, ibicuruzwa byinganda bifite umwanda, kandi ibisubizo byibisubizo ni byinshi kandi bihindagurika. Ibikoresho ni bito kandi gukoresha birabujijwe; Ugomba gukoresha amashanyarazi menshi nu munyu, kandi chlorine yamazi irashobora kubyara chloride organic na flavour ya chlorophenol; Sodium hypochlorite iroroshye kwangirika, wongeyeho sodium hypochlorite ifite amahirwe yo kongera ibicuruzwa biva mu buhinzi-mwimerere (chlorate, hypochlorite na bromate); Ubwinshi bwibiyobyabwenge, byoroshye kubyara ibiyobyabwenge; Ntabwo igira ingaruka nke kuri ioni yicyuma, imiti yica udukoko twangiza, chlorophenol benzene nibindi bintu bivangwa n’ibinyabuzima. Yangiza ibikoresho, yangiza ibidukikije kandi ntabwo yangiza ibidukikije.
Uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara:
Sodium hypochlorite igisubizo cyateguwe cyangwa cyaguzwe kurubuga hanyuma gishyirwa mumazi ukoresheje pompe kugirango yanduze.
Kugeza ubu, ubu buryo bwo kwanduza bukoreshwa cyane cyane muri sitasiyo ntoya yo gutunganya amazi (1T / h).
(3)Dioxyde de chlorine
Ibyiza:
Ingaruka zangiza ni nziza, dosiye ni nto, ingaruka zirihuta, ingaruka zo kwanduza zimara igihe kirekire, zishobora kugumana ikinini gisigaye cyangiza; Okiside ikomeye, irashobora kubora imiterere ya selile, kandi irashobora gusenya neza protozoa, spores, mold, algae na biofilm; Irashobora kugenzura icyarimwe icyuma cyamazi, manganese, ibara, uburyohe, impumuro; Biterwa nubushyuhe na pH, pH ikoreshwa ni 6-10, ntabwo byatewe nuburemere bwamazi nubunini bwumunyu; Ntabwo itanga trihalomethanes na acide haloacetike nibindi bicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, kandi irashobora guhumeka ibintu byinshi kama kama, bityo bikagabanya uburozi nibintu bya mutagenic byamazi nibindi biranga; Dioxyde ya Chlorine ikoreshwa mu kwanduza amazi. Iyo intumbero yayo ari 0.5-1mg / L, irashobora kwica 99% ya bagiteri mumazi muminota 1. Ingaruka zayo zo gukingira zikubye inshuro 10 za gaze ya chlorine, inshuro 2 za sodium hypochlorite, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhagarika virusi nabwo bwikubye inshuro 3 kurenza chlorine na 1,9 hejuru ya ozone.
Ibibi:
Dioxyde de chlorine yangiza ibyangiza umubiri, ioni ya chlorite (ClO2-) na chorrate ion (ClO3-), na dioxyde ya chlorine ubwayo nayo irangiza, cyane cyane yibanda cyane. ClO2- na ClO3- byangiza ingirangingo z'amaraso atukura, birashobora kubangamira kwinjiza no guhinduranya metabolike ya iyode, kandi bishobora kuzamura cholesterol mu maraso; Byongeye kandi, inzira yo gutegura dioxyde ya chlorine ihamye irakomeye cyane kandi imyanda isohoka. Acidic activateur irakenewe kugirango igere ku ngaruka nziza yo kwanduza iyo ikoreshejwe. Hariho kandi ibibazo bya tekinike mugutegura no gukoresha, nkibikorwa bigoye bya dioxyde ya chlorine, igiciro kinini cya reagent hamwe nubuziranenge buke. Hariho ingaruka zikomeye z'umutekano mu gutwara, kubika no gukora ibikoresho fatizo bikenerwa mu gukora dioxyde de chlorine. Acide Hydrochloric nkibikoresho fatizo bya methamphetamine, kugenzura neza bizana ibyago byo kubyara meth.
Uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara:
Dioxyde ya Chlorine / gaze ya chlorine ikorwa na generator yumurima hanyuma igashyirwa mumazi nuwasohora amazi kugirango yanduze.
Sisitemu yo kwanduza indwara ikubiyemo: ubwubatsi bwa gisivili bufite ububiko bwibikoresho, icyumba cyibikoresho, pisine, nibindi, ibikoresho bifite ikigega kibika ibikoresho bibisi, generator ya dioxyde de chlorine, imashini itanga amazi, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu bimera bito n'ibiciriritse. Bitewe nimpamvu za tekiniki, igipimo cyibikoresho ntigishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byangiza ibiti binini byamazi.
(4)Ozone
Ibyiza:
Ingaruka nziza yo kuboneza urubyaro, dosiye nkeya (0.1% irashobora kuba), ibikorwa byihuse, ifasha coagulation; Irashobora icyarimwe kugenzura icyuma cyamazi, manganese, ibara, uburyohe, impumuro. Nta gihinduka cy’amazi meza; Nta halogenated disinfection y-ibicuruzwa; Ntabwo yibasiwe cyane na pH, ubushyuhe bwamazi nibirimo ammonia; Kurenza imiti gakondo ya chlorine yangiza ni nziza; Nta gukoresha ingufu, imikorere yoroshye
Ibibi:
Molekile ya Ozone ntigihungabana kandi yoroshye kubora wenyine, kandi igihe cyo gufata mumazi ni gito cyane, munsi yiminota 30. Kwanduza Ozone bitanga bromate, bromate, aldehydes, ketone na aside ya karubiyike ikomoka ku bicuruzwa, muri byo harimo bromate na bromate biteganijwe mu bipimo by’amazi meza, aldehydes, ketone na aside ya karubike ni bimwe mu bintu byangiza ubuzima, bityo kwanduza ozone. bigarukira mu gukoresha; Umusaruro utoroshye, igiciro kinini; Kuri sisitemu nini nini yo hagati ya chlorine, chlorine igomba gushingirwaho kugirango ikomeze ingaruka ziterwa no kwanduza imiyoboro ya imiyoboro mugihe ukoresheje ozone yangiza; Kwanduza indwara bifite amahitamo amwe, nka penisiline, chloramphenicol ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ozone, ikenera igihe kirekire kugirango iyice; Kubera ko ubushobozi bwa okiside ari 2.07, irashobora kuvura 60-70% ya phycotoxine, kandi ikagira ingaruka nke kubintu byinshi bivangavanga imiti. Ifite ingaruka zimwe zo kwangirika kuri reberi karemano cyangwa ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya reberi cyangwa ibicuruzwa byumuringa (imbere y'amazi na gaze). Iyo generator ya ozone ikora, gaze yaka umuriro irenze iturika ntigomba gutangizwa. Ozone yinjira ni ntege nke, kandi ubushobozi bwo kwica bagiteri mu kintu kiri hasi
Uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara:
Ozone ikorwa na generator yumurima hanyuma igashyirwa mumazi ukoresheje igitambaro cyo mu kirere cyangwa inshinge zamazi kugirango zandurwe kandi zanduze.
Sisitemu yo kwanduza ikubiyemo: icyumba cya ozone gisohora abaturage, pisine itumanaho, nibindi, ibikoresho bifite isoko yumwuka, generator ya ozone, ibikoresho byo gutera ozone, ibikoresho byangiza gaze, ibikoresho byo gukurikirana na sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo kwanduza indwara bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gihingwa cy’amazi meza, kandi bukoreshwa no mu kweza cyane amazi ya robine n’imyanda mu turere twateye imbere mu Bushinwa.
(5)Indwara ya Chloramine
Ibyiza:
Kwanduza ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga ni bike cyane ugereranije na chlorine y’amazi, muri byo umusaruro wa aside ya haloacetike ugabanukaho 90%, umusaruro wa trihalomethanes ugabanukaho 70%; Irashobora kumara igihe kinini murusobe rwumuyoboro kandi igenzura neza ikwirakwizwa rya bagiteri mumiyoboro.
Ibibi:
Igihe kirekire cyo kwitwara, ibikorwa bitinda; Ingaruka zo kwica Giardia na Cryptosporidium ntabwo ari nziza; Irashobora kugira uburozi kuri gene yarazwe.
(6)Kurandura hamwe na potasiyumu monopersulfate umunyu wuzuye
Ibyiza:
Ifu yifu yudatwikwa kandi idaturika ifu yica udukoko twangiza imyanda, gutembagaza, guturika no kwangirika kwizindi ndwara zanduza ibintu byinshi nko gukora, gutwara, kubika no gukoresha. Bika ku bushyuhe bwicyumba kugeza kumyaka ibiri; Iya mbere mu Bushinwa ntabwo irimo chlorine kandi ikoresha amoko atandukanye ya ogisijeni ikora nka bagiteri yica bagiteri, ikuraho burundu ibisekuruza bya chlorine biva mu bicuruzwa kandi bikagabanya cyane ingaruka zikomeye ziterwa n’ibicuruzwa gakondo byangiza ubuzima ku bantu (harimo na kanseri na uburozi bw'imyororokere). Inzira idasanzwe kandi itunganijwe neza ituma ibicuruzwa bihora bitanga umubare munini wibintu bikora nyuma yo kwinjira mumazi, bikareba ko ibisigisigi byibintu bikora mumubiri wamazi yica udukoko byangiza; Kubana kw'ibintu bitandukanye bikora ntabwo bishimangira ubushobozi bwa bagiteri gusa, ahubwo binagura antibacterial spektrice, bituma habaho kwanduza no kwica ingaruka ziterwa na mikorobe zitandukanye zitera virusi uretse bagiteri. Ntabwo bigira ingaruka nke kubushyuhe, agaciro ka pH nibindi bintu; Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye cyane bwo gukomeza kuboneza urubyaro; Okiside ikomeye yibikoresho byumuyoboro wa passivasi, byongerera igihe cyo gukora ibikoresho; Biroroshye kongeraho no kubungabunga, igiciro gito cyuzuye;
Ibibi:
Irashobora kwangirika kurwego runaka kandi ntivanga nibintu bya alkaline.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-19-2022